Case - Analyzing Casino Money-Handling Processes - 1492 Words

Case: Analyzing Casino Money-Handling Processes Bartley D. Corbin Webster University Author Note This paper was prepared as partial fulfillment of the requirements for BUSN 6110, Term Fall 1, 2010 taught by Professor Gary Sample. Abstract This case study is from Chapter 6 of the text on page 183. It is an analysis of the casinos money-handling processes. The process begins with retrieving the money from the slot machines and is referred to in the gaming industry as the drop process. The hard count process is the second phase of the process and is performed at a designated time known to gaming regulatory authorities. Following the hard count process, each drop bucket is emptied into the weigh scale holding hopper. At that point the†¦show more content†¦We also know that twenty-five silver dollars are wrapped in each roll at a rate of 10 rolls per minute, and we know that each can contains 40 rolls. The canning process itself takes 5 minutes per can. The computer report and recording process in the weigh/wrap verification report takes 5 minutes, and the manual recount takes another 2 minutes per can. This is a bit hard to follow, so I have flowcharted the calculations for the hard count process. The ti me needed to Process 300 Silver Dollar Slot Machines = (Time to Calibrate Scale) + (Weigh and Record Each Bucket) + (Time to Wrap Each Roll) + (Time to Place Rolls into Cans) + (Run Summary) + (Manually Verify Can Counts) = 10 Minutes + 2100 Minutes + 900 Minutes + 1125 Minutes + 5 Minutes + 450 Minutes = 4590 Minutes = 76.5 Hours. See Figure 4 below. Figure [ 4 ]: Time Calculation for Hard Count Process Question 3 Question 3 gets to the pointed heart of our case study. As stated earlier, management wants to know how long each process takes so that they can make a purchasing decision. Although not used here, the text provides several methods of ranking investments. (Jacobs, Chase, amp; Aquilano, 2009) In figure five below we explore the possibilities of advantages gained by purchasing a second coin wrapper machine (indicated in blue). Below that is the potential time gained if the casino where to instead buy an additional weighing machine (indicated in green). Given this chart, it isShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Casino-Money Handling Process1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe Buffalo News Team | Analyzing Casino Money-Handling Processes | MGO630: Mini-case #2 | Ashley BeckerZachary BradoColin CaseySamantha ChmuraArvind Thinagarajan 2/2/2012 | 1. The Drop process Drop team leader, security and accounting people deliver the buckets to hard count room [30 min/cart] Security officer and slot drop team leader obtain slot cabinet keys from casino cashier’s cage [15 min] Slot drop leader removes the drop bucket from slot machine cabinet [10 min/slotRead Moreeconomic15014 Words   |  61 PagesChapter 9 Functional Area and Compliance Systems Quick Look Case 1, Opening Case: International Speedway Gets Lean 9.1 Management Levels and Functional Systems 9.2 Manufacturing, Production, and Transportation Systems 9.3 Sales and Marketing Systems 9.4 Accounting, Finance, and Compliance Systems 9.5 Human Resources Systems, Compliance, and Ethics Key Terms Chapter 9 Link Library Evaluate and Expand Your Learning †¢ IT and Data Management Decisions †¢ Questions for DiscussionRead MoreCarnival Cruise Lines: Long and Short Term Strategies Essay8254 Words   |  34 PagesThe reason for this is the fact that it would prove to be very difficult if not impossible, for one to assemble an international code of ethics that would cover issues of importance in every single country involved. With this being said, upon analyzing Carnival’s Code of Conducts and business ethics, we have to wonder how ethically committed the company really is. As we were researching the company’s business practices, we found a website that listed an unusually high amount of complaints fromRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 PagesCASES FROM MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES Table of Contents Case 1: Case 2: Bal Seal Engineering Robin Cooper Bill’s Custom Planters William Stammerjohan Deborah Seifert Dublin Shirt Company Peter Clarke in assoc. with in assoc. with Paul Juras Wayne Bremser ECN.W William Lawler Endesa Gary M. Cunningham Scott Ericksen Francisco J. Lopez Lubian Antonio Pareja Kincaid Manufacturing Jon Yarusso Ram Ramanan Osram.NA John Shank Lawrence Carr William Lawler Pleasant Run Children’s Home Brooke E. SmithRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36918 Words   |  148 PagesCASES FROM MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES Table of Contents Case 1: Case 2: Bal Seal Engineering Robin Cooper Bill’s Custom Planters William Stammerjohan Deborah Seifert Dublin Shirt Company Peter Clarke in assoc. with in assoc. with Paul Juras Wayne Bremser ECN.W William Lawler Endesa Gary M. Cunningham Scott Ericksen Francisco J. Lopez Lubian Antonio Pareja Kincaid Manufacturing Jon Yarusso Ram Ramanan Osram.NA John Shank Lawrence Carr William Lawler Pleasant Run Children’s Home Brooke E. SmithRead MoreThe Dark Side of Customer Analytics6267 Words   |  26 Pageswww.hbrreprints.org HBR CASE STUDY AND COMMENTARY How can these companies leverage the customer data responsibly? The Dark Side of Customer Analytics Four commentators offer expert advice. by Thomas H. Davenport and Jeanne G. Harris †¢ Reprint R0705A An insurance company finds some intriguing patterns in the loyalty card data it bought from a grocery chain—the correlation between condom sales and HIV-related claims, for instance. How can both companies leverage theRead MoreEntrepreneur Assignment7104 Words   |  29 Pagesopportunity-orientated will first and foremost focus on growth opportunity than the business and its resources. Entrepreneurs in the 21st century not only must be able to see and grab opportunity whenever there is but also must be able and sensitive in analyzing, formulate and taking action towards any opportunities. Entrepreneurs who grab any chances that they see and make the best out of it are the pre-condition to success. In order to be an entrepreneur who can predict and analyze opportunities, theyRead MoreLodging Inductry24737 Words   |  99 Pageseventually be able to handle 87 million visitors per year. All will be traveling to and from Hong Kong for business and personal reasons that will involve many hospitality related businesses worldwide. Examples: hotels, restaurants, timeshare, casinos, airlines, cruise lines, car rental. Objective: 2. Define the role of marketing and discuss its core concepts. Recommended Ideas: Many students think of marketing as advertising or sales. At the start of the course it is important that marketingRead MoreCrm in Supermarkets30832 Words   |  124 Pagesprice sensitivity and cost to serve form the underpinnings for the argument that loyal customers are more profitable. Supposedly, loyal customers tend to be less price sensitive than their bargain-seeking counterparts who may shift stores to save money. This makes loyal customers more attractive from the revenue and margin perspectives. On the expense side, loyal customers are seen as less costly to serve since their loyalty reduces the need for advertising and promotion. Combined, CRM pundits claimRead MoreProject on Risk Management46558 Words   |  187 PagesManagement of Market Risk is a major concern for every bank. The board should decide the risk management policy of the bank and set limits for liquidity, interest rate, foreign exchange and equity price risks. Ensuring that market risk management processes (including peoples, operations, limits and controls) satisfy banks policy. Reviewing and approving, market risk limits, including triggers or stop losses for traded and accrual portfolios. Ensuring robustness of financial models and the effectiveness

Theories of Ageing and Their Impact on Health and Social Care

Theories of ageing and their impact on Health and Social Care Provision (D2) During life span and development, we learned about each of the stages of life. In this report I am going to focus on the final stage which is elderly. In today’s society the population of elderly people is rising. As the population of elderly people is rising, it means the need for health and social care services is rising too. As health care services have improved so much over the last number of years, it also means that elderly people will be able to live longer because of improved services and more awareness about health. ‘10 million people in the UK are over 65 years old. The latest projections are for 5 ½ million more elderly people in 20 years’ time†¦show more content†¦During my work placement I got talking to an elderly lady who was telling me about her 40 grandchildren that she has and how she would have to give them all money at Christmas. She said she shouldn’t really have given them all money because she can’t afford it but th at it was something she always did. There are many reasons in today’s society why there are elderly people living in poverty. There are many cut backs being made that affects everyone although more so than others E.G. an elderly person. If an elderly person doesn’t have any savings and are just relying on benefits then they may start to struggle. A lot of elderly people go into residential care simply because they cannot afford to live alone and provide food and heat for themselves. For unfortunate elderly people who become ill, then they may face barriers too because they may be on a waiting list for something that they urgently need. Many elderly people do not have family to help and support them either and so some end up isolated and having to face problems on their own. In some cases, there are problems with domiciliary carers coming into an elderly person’s house. The statistics for levels of abuse states that the highest number of cases of abuse takes place in someone’s own home. This is a problem because an elderly person is vulnerable, especially if they are ill or have a mental health problem. However, there are many measures put in place now to try and prevent abuseShow MoreRelatedThe Social Issue of Ageing1031 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Issue of ageing Social issues are controversial issues that relate to the lives of people and their interactions. Some social issues are distinguishable from economic issues while some consist of both social and economic aspects. Social issues are conditions that at least some people view as being undesirable Ageing in humans refers to various changes that include physical, psychological change. Some of the dimensions of ageing might grow and expand over time while others decline.Read MoreIntroduction Of Late Adulthood And Retirement1659 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude; public health measure to many factors such as decrease in infant mortality rate, and the eradication of certain diseases. Population ageing is a global phenomenon that can be expressed by the significant demographic changes currently observed around the world. The life expectancy between male and female is different; the one of male trailed that among women by approximately 5 years (Wiener Tilly, 2002). Life expectancy is increasing around the world but life expectancy in good health in olderRead MoreThe Effects Of Ageism On The Delivery Of Nursing Care For The Older Person1736 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of ageism in healthcare by critically analyzing the impact of ageism on the delivery of nursing care for the ol der person. This essay will be based from the perspective of the impact of a registered nurse’s ageist behaviour on the older patient, the nursing care of the older patient and the impact on colleagues in the health care team. This essay will also discuss theories and relevant principles of ageism, nursing care and the health care environment as well as Identifying and explaining twoRead MoreCase Study: Gerontology1290 Words   |  5 PagesGerontology Case Study Gerontology is the study of aging and the effects of the various extraneous factors such as ethnicity, race, and gender, which contribute to an individuals ageing process. This study is thereby, very pertinent when it comes to analyzing the ageing process of various case studies and the elements adding to it. It is important for us to be able to supervise such elements and predict the patterns of their outcome, in order to assist our senior citizens as best we can. (MarksonRead MoreThe Economic Problem of Population Ageing Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pages the economic problem of population ageing caused is revealing gradually. UNESCO provides a standard that a single country or region in the population over 60 years is more than 10% of the total population, which is into the aging of the population. Both of developed and developing countries in recent years have to face more serious aging impacts for economic progress. According to population prospects (2009), the whole world will ac celerate the pace of ageing after 2010. More precisely, share ofRead MoreHow The Uk Government Policies Overcome The Barriers Elderly People Face When Accessing Healthcare Services1614 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In the UK people has more life expectancy and the proportion of elderly people is raising. Older people are soften frail and have more complex health and social care needs, which increase the pressure in the healthcare system. It has to meet elderly people needs, however, elderly people are to facing many barriers when accessing healthcare services. Some of these barriers are going to be studied in this research. Those are: transport, knowledge and information, and hospital dischargeRead MoreAging : A Progressive Functional Decline Of The Body And Mind1320 Words   |  6 PagesAging, is the process of growing old, it is defined as the gradual biological deterioration of normal function, as a result of changes made to the mitotic cells, post-mitotic cells, such as neurons. These changes would consequently have a direct impact on the functional ability of the major organs such as the heart, lungs and kidneys biological systems such as the nervous, digestive and reproductive system and ultimately the organism as a whole. Aging is a progressive functional decline ofRead MoreAging And The Ageing Population Essay2277 Words   |  10 Pagesby the National Institute of Ageing (NIA) in America, it has been suggested that, â€Å"no single chronical timetable of human aging exists: we all age differently and in terms of change and development, there are more differences among older people than among younger people. Genetics, lifestyle and diseases, all affect the rate of ageing between all individuals† This suggests that growth and development of younger people are more closely related to age than the ageing process of older people. (CarlsonRead MoreThe Ageing Population1068 Words   |  4 PagesAgeing population is a worldwide pattern; it has major implications for the way in which programs designed to support older people are funded. While social security and means-tested social assistance programs for long-term care protect the living standards of the poor, middle income groups face under-appreciated risks, such as outliving their capital or needing expensive long-term care. This will cause economic, social, and political implications of a rapidly ageing population, which will affectRead MoreTaking Care of the Older People2386 Words   |  10 PagesCare for the older people Table of contents 1. Executive summary 2 2. Ageing 2 3. Health and well being 4 4. Factors with impact on health for older people 5 5. Being dependent on care 7 6. Quality of care for older people 8 7. Conclusion 10 1. Executive summary Improved living conditions and healthier lifestyles, progress in medical care leads to increase in population size and increase in the number of older people (Phelan Larsson, 2002). As a consequence of the reduction

The Brain and Language, Personal Memory, and Self-Awareness Free Essays

Sahan Ratnayake Development of Language and its influence on self-awarness, personal memory, and higher emotion. Language is defined as the system of linguistic signs or symbols considered in the abstract. Language is purely a human concept. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brain and Language, Personal Memory, and Self-Awareness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though it is used by many animals on the planet, no other animal uses language to the extent or complexity as humans do. This is in part to the larger brain size of humans as opposed to animals. Our closest animal relative, the chimpanzee, has a brain size of around 400cc, while humans have a brain that weighs around 1300cc. This larger brain, as allowed humans to use language more efficiently to achieve its goals. With the development of language rose the characteristics that make us human: self-awareness, higher emotion, and personal memory. Though it is impossible to determine when language arose, it has been theorized that the growth of language coincided with the increase in brain volume. The brain is the control system of the body. All aspects of human behavior, language, reflexes, emotions, memory, are controlled by separate structure of the brain. Within these structures are billions of neurons, specialized cells that transmit information throughout the brain in the form of electrical signals. The brain is split into two hemispheres, the left hemisphere controlling the activities of the right side, and the right hemisphere controlling the activities of the left side. Regarding language, it was discovered that the left hemisphere of the brain is largely responsible for controlling language. More specifically, the outer surface of the central hemisphere, the cortex, is regarded as the center of human speech and language processing. Two structure of the cortex, Broca’s and Wernicke’s are responsible for speech production and understanding of written and spoken language, respectively. The development of language isn’t due solely to a larger brain, but also to genes and the physiological anatomy of humans. In the 1990s, geneticists discovered the FOXP2 gene. The FOXP2 gene is used for proper brain and lung development. Upon testing the gene, geneticists discovered that mutation to the FOXP2 gene caused severe speech and language disorder, leading scientists to conclude that the gene is essential in speech and language production. The physical anatomy of humans is also a major component in producing speech and language. These speech organs are the lungs, the voice box, the throat, the mouth, and the nose. Speech is an air pressure that travels from the speaker to the listener. The lungs produce the air pressure for speech while the rest of the speech organs shape this air pressure to create the final sounds that reach the listener’s ears. For years, scientists have tried to explain the origin of language. Though several theories have been put forth to explain the origin of language, there is no evidence to support any of them. Some scientists have theorized that language is so complex that it cannot exists in the form modern humans use today but must have evolved from our human ancestors. This theories are called continuity-based theories. There are other scientists that argue that human language is unique to humans, leading to the lack of evidence for its existence, and that it suddenly appeared in the evolution from early human ancestors to the humans that we are today. Yet there are other scientist that argue that language is embedded in the human genetic code, and others who see language is cultural, learned through social interaction. Though no solid evidence for any of these theories can be found in the early human ancestors, it is fairly certain that the earliest human ancestors to use language were Homo heidelbergensis, thought to be the common ancestor between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Recent archaeological finds have shown that H. heidelbergensis had an ear structure similar to that of H. apiens, which means that they could pick up the same sound frequencies modern humans could. Although this doesn’t necessarily mean they used language to communicate with one another, it is proof that H. heidelbergensis did have a system of communication. With the development of language came the ability of humans to become self-aware. Self-awareness is the ability to recognize oneself as an individual that is separate from its environme nt and other individuals. Self-awareness isn’t possible without inner speech. It is inner speech that llows individuals to question the past, present, and future. It allows them to think about themselves and to evaluate their actions. Several experiments have shown that, when individuals were asked to talk to themselves or to participate in self-relevant tasks. While doing so, it was discovered that in most people the Broca’s area in the left hemisphere of the brain, showed activity. The Broca’s area on the left hemisphere is used for inner speech. People whose Broca’s area was damaged showed that they couldn’t talk to themselves and lost the process of self-awareness. Regarding the self-aware and self-relevant tasks, fMRI scans have shown that the Broca’s area lights up. This proves that language is essential for the task of self- evaluation. Literature has also given many example of self-awareness and the development of language. In the Greek work, Illiad, that lack of subjectivity by the characters and their insistence on divine intervention suggests that the language areas of the brain weren’t as developed as they are now, causing them to credit the â€Å"gods† for their actions, good and bad. However, in the Odyssey, the use of the pronoun â€Å"I† and Odysseus’s rebellion against the gods suggests that the Broca’s area is much more developed, thus a more developed self-awareness. Language is also responsible for the human trait of memory. Memory is defined as memory from episodes in one’s life. Personal memory is also referred to as personal event memory. Neurologically, memory is stored in the hippocampus and the amygdala. Studies have shown that the hippocampus become active during recollection of memories. The amygdala is used in the recollection of emotional memories. Language is an essential part of recalling a memory. Experiments by Tessler and Nelson in 1993, where a child was asked to talk about a visit to a museum. It was discovered that the child couldn’t recall anything that wasn’t told to him by his mother. This suggests that language is a key component in recalling a memory. Several other experiments with different age groups have shown that older kids remember more than the younger children, which means that since the older kids have a broader vocabulary than the younger kids, the older participants are able to remember and recall a more vivid memory of a past event. Language is also an essential part of the human trait of higher emotion. Higher emotion differs from emotion. Emotion, also known as basic emotions, stem from the mammalian brain of humans and the amygdala. Such emotions, for example fear, are necessary for survival. Higher emotions arise in the pre-frontal cortex, a relatively new part of the brain. Higher emotions such as love, are abstract emotion; they cannot be expressed using physical movement whereas fear, a basic emotion can be expressed using facial expressions or simulation. Language is extremely important for the expression of higher emotions. Language allows humans to explain, as well as understand, higher emotions. Language is necessary for all human advancements. Humans have used language to a greater extent than do apes. Though the origin of language is uncertain, it is undisputed that our earlier ancestors, H. hidelbergensis, were able to communicate and language passed down from them to H. sapiens. Language has also allowed humans to become aware of themselves, to develop memory, and to have higher emotions, characteristics that make H. apiens unique. Works Cited 1. Plontke, Ronny. Language and Brain. N. p. , 13 Mar. 2003. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. 2. Rumbaugh, Sue Savage. â€Å"Human Language-Human Consciousness. †Ã‚  A « On the Human. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 3. Morin, Alan. â€Å"Language and Self-awareness. †Ã‚  Science Consciousness Review. N. p. , 2 Aug. 2007. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 4. Morin, Alan. â€Å"Inner Speech and C onscious Experience. †Ã‚  Science Consciousness Review. N. p. , 20 Apr. 2003. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . 5. â€Å"Speech Anatomy. †Ã‚  Speech Anatomy. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 012. . 6. â€Å"Language. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 7. â€Å"Rebecca’s Dystopia. †Ã‚  : The Link Between Memory and Language. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 8. â€Å"Neanderthal Behavior. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 9. â€Å"FOXP2. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 10. â€Å"Language and Emotion. †Ã‚  Language and Emotion. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. . 11. â€Å"Personal Event Memory. †Ã‚  Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. How to cite The Brain and Language, Personal Memory, and Self-Awareness, Essay examples

Do Managers Need Emotional Intelligence to Manage Successfully in the Workplace free essay sample

The complex nature of emotional intelligence and its imperative role in wider social affairs has given rise to the examination of its relevance to effective management and leadership. Increasing awareness of the necessity of emotional intelligence within the workplace is evident in numerous studies and research relevant to this area over the recent decades. The link between successful management and emotional intelligence is apparent as it can be seen that high emotional awareness and an ability to manage these emotions highlights three key aspects essential to good leadership: the provision of sustenance for the development of high quality interpersonal relationships with employees, improvement of the decision-making and problem-solving process by factoring in emotional consideration, and the creation of organisational awareness and identity through inspiring and constructing a collective sense of objectives. Strong communication and teamwork are undoubtedly the fundamental elements of successful workplace management and it is through good communication that a sense of trust and intimacy can be nurtured, hence creating the basis for and developing the strength of interpersonal bonds. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Managers Need Emotional Intelligence to Manage Successfully in the Workplace? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the Salovey, Mayer and Caruso four-branch model of emotional intelligence, it is through the establishment of these strong interpersonal relationships which allow for leaders to generate motivation and instil optimism and enthusiasm within his/her followers. Being able to accurately appraise and express emotions ensures the effective communication between individuals and thus provides them with a deeper understanding of the people they work with (Carmeli 2013, p791). By creating an atmosphere of cooperation and having an improved perception of emotion, followers will be more supportive of a leader’s decisions and thus be more obliged to appreciate and promote the organisation’s objectives (Zeidner et al 2004, p387). The ability to communicate effectively with followers allows a leader to connect on an individual basis and to inspire and share collective visions with the team. Goleman cited in Lam and O’Higgins (2010, p151), â€Å"Empathy†¦ is the fundamental people skill. † showing the concept of ‘social intelligence’ overlapping with that of emotional awareness and the importance of understanding and sympathising with the concerns, requirements and unspoken feelings of others. As high quality interpersonal relationships ignificantly enhance group cohesiveness and collaboration (Lam and O’Higgins 2010, p156), it is evident that empathy contributes to successful management of others, and an emotionally healthy workplace environment is fostered through a leader’s maintenance of positive relationships and understanding of the organisational members’ emotional needs. The ability to accurately assess and respond to others’ feelings enables a leader to implement significant change within an organisation and to influence the emotions and opinions of its members (George 2000, p1044). The positive correlation between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence is proven in the study conducted by Younghee et al (2011) whereby the characteristic traits of transformational leaders, such as active listening, inspiring motivation, sharing of ideas and values and individualised consideration, are exhibited in leaders high in emotional intelligence. Emotions are actively involved in the formation of judgement and the management of one’s own emotions is essential to effective leadership as it is through an emotional self-understanding that an empathic approach can be taken when managing an employee who has been confronted with an emotionally challenging situation. These leaders are able to consequently predict the emotional responses of employees in different circumstances or events; this capacity to recognise and use emotions and to respond appropriately directs the cognitive processes in decision-making and problem-solving, hence allowing for emotionally informed decisions to be made and, by extension, allowing for positive and creative organisational outcomes. By understanding the emotional concerns of the employees, a manager is well-equipped to address their issues and provide individualised support. According to Frigda (1988), as cited by George (2000), diversity in emotional self-awareness is also an important aspect of leadership effectiveness as it enables the capacity to register negative feelings caused by certain issues, hence redirecting a manager’s attention towards them. By bringing immediate consideration to these issues and noticing the initial signs of employees’ emotional disturbance, the emotional climate of an organisation can be assessed and hence workplace problems can be eliminated and avoided. Positive emotions foster creativity, allowing flexibility in decision-making and the consideration of alternate scenarios to a solution. Developing a shared vision for the organisation is a crucial element of effective leadership (George 2000, p1039) and it is through the ability to inspire and motivate employees that a manager can encourage movement towards a collective sense of objectives and goals to promote organisational outcomes. The utilisation of emotional language through charisma can articulate an appealing vision for the future, and thus persuade followers to transcend their personal interests for the collective organisational interest. Transformational leadership, considered the most effective leadership style (Lam and O’Higgins 2010, p153), can be established by four components – idealised influence (charisma), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration – where all four dimensions are highly correlated with the understanding and management of emotions. As the name suggests, transformational leaders transform the needs and values of followers so that they are receptive to and supportive of the leader’s goals, while providing individual consideration (Ashkanasy and Daus 1993, p81). Values are infused with emotion and when those of the employees and organisation are attuned to each other, a common identity and shared ideologies are created. The promotion of a vision or set of values which is consistent with both that of the employees and organisation fosters the employees’ commitment to the organisation and, in turn, employees are able to appreciate their personal contribution, causing an increase in job satisfaction due to elevated levels of self-efficacy. Therefore, through an analysis of the reciprocal relationship of emotional intelligence and management in the workplace, it is evident that the ability to empathise and communicate emotional concerns promotes the building of high quality interpersonal relationships in the workplace. Emotional self-awareness, a thorough understanding and management of feelings, and the utilisation of the four dimensions of the transformational leadership style can allow for informed decision-making processes, inspiration for developing a sense of unity and collective goals, commitment to an organisation, and fostering of an emotionally healthy workplace environment. Thus, high emotional intelligence is crucial in the successful management of a workplace.

Case Study

Grendel part I essays

Grendel part I essays In part I of Grendel, the first contact Grendel has with humans shows his fragility and the humans misconception of creatures different from them. Grendels getting his foot caught in a tree sets up for what takes place during this encounter. The Anglo-Saxons who find him mistake him first for a fungus attached to a tree, then for an oak-tree spirit. The Anglo-Saxons appear to be irrational for being so quick to identify Grendel as these things that he is not, especially as a lower being of fungus. Throughout this encounter with them, Grendel is scared half to death not only because he was outnumbered and had never seen humans before, but because their forcefully self-assured ideas and belittling, however unintentional, intimidated the innocent Grendel. Even when Grendel is finally able to bring himself to speak, the Anglo-Saxons misinterpret this as a threat and attack him. Pig! I tried to yell. It scared them. They all began shouting at each other. One of the horses neighed a nd reared up, and for some crazy reason they took it for a sign. (27) When he is attacked, Grendel fully realizes the strength human beings have. The Anglo-Saxons are in a way ignorant for attacking Grendel for moving and making noise; they are afraid of a creature that they have not taken the time to understand. Grendel is the victim of this situation, a defenseless subject to the ignorance and mercilessness of human beings. As Grendel watches the Anglo-Saxons, he learns of their customs, which seem to be the complete opposite of his concepts of life. One custom shows values Grendel learns of through the songs of the kings harper and the Shaper. The Anglo-Saxons most greatly value heroism and religion. The custom of storytelling through a scop involves flattery, which is more pleasant than the truth according to Grendel, yet he is a little moved by the songs. I knew very well that all he sa...

Violence and politics can hardly be separated Essay - 1

Violence and politics can hardly be separated - Essay Example While some authors and writers dispute the necessity of engaging in violence to get or maintain political power, there are those who contend that there can be no achievement of political power without violence. In this sense, therefore, violence is a significant part of political violence. For this reason, this paper will present an argument to ascertain whether violence plays any significant role in politics. It is an evident fact that violence and politics cannot be separated. This is because of the way that violence is considered to be a significant economic power. With it, it is possible to eliminate any chances of colonial regime within the society. As such, an oppressed society can work well using violence to ensure that it gives its citizens the much desired right to be free and safe. Most of the time, violence has been considered to be an intrinsic factor in the realm of politics. This is also the feeling that is experienced towards violence by the public. However, it is supposed to be conducted in a particular manner that brings about the desired benefits. Without this, then it turns out not to be justifiable and undesirable in politics as well as to the general public. In order to understand the important role of violence in politics, it is imperative to realize that there is a major difference between violence and force. Although the two terms might seem to be interchangeable, they are highly distinct in their nature. This can be evidenced by the Indian anti-colonial movements in India. They were non violent but as they are envisaged by Mohandas Gandhi they were displayed through the use of full force. In the same way, there were the non violent but forceful civil rights movements that were led by Martin Luther King Junior in the United States. A major distinction is shown with the majority of the civil wars, which have cracked most of the African countries in the recent past. They also include the urban

Investgative Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investgative Report - Essay Example e terraces to have a better view of both the interior and external sections of the restraint as I took notes of how the premises operates together with other notable things that I would be able to witness. To begin with, the hotel is strategically located in Fort Lauderdale with a perfect view of the ocean whereby the fresh breeze blows off to create a beautiful ambiance for the revelers. Casablanca cafà © is conveniently located in the sense that it is easily accessible and at the same time convenient since anyone who intends to visit the restaurant can conveniently access it either through bus or the numerous taxi that are available along 3049 Alhambra Street. The restaurant is housed in a beautifully restored ancient home that has a perfect finish both in the interior and exterior that creates a sensational ambiance for visitors that come in. The interior dà ©cor is designed in a manner that makes it perfect for dinner outings and romantic dates since it is cozy and with some jazz music playing from the music bar. The cafà © offers a wide variety of cuisines as I would observe from their menu. The range includes food from various cultures for instance; Mediterranean, French as w ell as the indigenous American cuisines. It is an advantage to the restaurant since it does not limit its services to an individual culture of foods but packages its services in a manner that will attract clients across cultures due to the room for choice that is available. The services at Casablanca cafà © are impressive, personally I asked for a coffee latte and within the next one minute my order was already processed and I was enjoying my drink. I notice the joint is a favorite spot for many people reason being the time I spent at the establishment close to one hundred clients checked in a majority of who were coming in for an early dinner. I observed a significant number making out with takeaway food an impressive phenomenon that I noted. It is prudent to notice that some clients may

Healthy Grief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy Grief - Assignment Example In this article, we shall compare and contrast Kubler-Ross’s grief model to the Book of Job which will make us realize how Job is an example of healthy grieving and how the process of coping with grief has been same since centuries. In addition, we shall get to compare the process of coping with grief in two different religions – Christianity and Buddhism – which will teach us that gaining knowledge of a patient’s religious beliefs is relevant for health care provider so as to ensure good service and support to the dying patient and his family. Moreover, in the later paragraphs we shall discover the relationship and interaction between joy and the grief models which will make us realize the fact that joy and grief are not separate rather they are a part of each other. After doing the above researches, I have realized that by developing an understanding of the grieving and coping processes every health care provider can provide comfort and support to the gr ieving family in a better way and also come out of his/her personal grief very swiftly. Grief has been referred to as the comprehensive response to death and losses of all kinds, and includes emotional, psychological, social, as well as physical reactions. Numerous models and theories have been evolved by theorists that explain the process and stages involved in grief. In 1969, a psychiatrist Kubler- Ross had devised a grief model to provide a mean for understanding and coping with dying. The model has five stages: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. According to Ross, these five stages are part of the framework that makes up our learning to live with the one we lost. Her theory on stages of grief established the ground for scholars and others who work with grieving people to examine and to work therapeutically with those who mourn. This theory is formed in a sequential and linear order where one stage swiftly moves into the next stage so that in a healthy grief a person should move from shock and denial to acceptance within a timeframe. However, she added that one may not necessarily go through all the stages or in the prescribed order. The model’s primary motive is to provide knowledge about a grief situation, thereby preparing us to cope with life and loss (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, n.d). Comparison of Kubler-Ross’s Grief model to the Book of Job In the Book of Job, the concise prologue starting the story and the concise epilogue finishing it narrates an extended series of dialogues and monologues describing the nature of and reason for suffering within the book. Most of the five stages of grief described by Kubler-Ross can be seen clearly inside this bible text. The Book of Job is the story of a faithful follower of God, Job who suffers innumerable losses one after the other. First, his wealth is looted by marauding bandits, which is followed by the tragic demise of all his children, all happening on the same day. Soon to add t o his woes, Job is badly affected with horrible boils all over his body (Book of Job 4:14-20). So much loss simultaneously would make survival difficult for any person. According to Dr. Kubler’s grief model, in the first stage, a person should be in shock and enter into some form of denial (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, n.d). However, Job in the biblical text is neither shocked nor does he enters into the denial stage which is in contrast to the grief model. After such losses, perhaps Job was in shock but he resolute by telling

A Casestudy Of First Bank Nigeria Marketing Essay

A Casestudy Of First Bank Nigeria Marketing Essay Nigeria is among the developing countries in the World today. In the 1980s, several developing countries pursued some form of financial liberalization program or other, in order to boost the development of their countries. (Ayadi and Hyman, 2006). In achieving this financial liberalization, the First Bank of Nigeria Plc played a major role since the development and maintenance of the Nigerian economy. Being the first of its kind in Nigeria. The Nigerian Banking system started its history as far back as 1892 with the establishment of the African Banking in Lagos, the Capital of Nigeria as at then; it was taken over by the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) in 1894 and was later acquired by Standard Bank of West Africa in 1965. In 1969, Standard Bank of West Africa incorporated its Nigerian operations under the name Standard Bank of Nigeria. In 1971, Standard Bank of Nigeria listed its shares on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and placed 13% of its share capital with Nigerian investors. The bank changed its name to First Bank of Nigeria in 1979. (The journalof African society). Now, First Bank is the biggest bank in Nigeria out of the 25 banks, it has been rated as the largest RETAIL lender in the country. FBN has a subsidiary in London, UK which started its operation in year 2002 having a branch in Paris. The bank as at 2009 December had a total asset of N2,172 billion (USD14,718 million). (First Bank Financial Highlights 2009). Being the first of its kind in Nigeria, it has made a large clientele base and this has given the management so much confidence and a sense of satisfaction which has led to the neglect of customers satisfaction maximizations and feelings. There are 25 banks in Nigeria, although FBN Plc has been rated has the largest retailer bank, other banks are improving on the loop holes of their products and services and using that medium to sap their customers. The Nigerian populace has come to realise that they own the money (capital) of the bank and because of that; they should get the best products and services possible. Doole et al, (2005) says In the fast moving competitive environment it is vital for organisations to provide customer satisfaction otherwise they risk losing their customers to competitors. The penalty for not providing customer satisfaction can be a steep decline in the organisations performance, as Marks Spencer, McDonalds and British Airways (BA) have recently found. Integrated marketing communication consists of varieties of medium of communication all in the name of satisfying customers in order to get new customer and to retain existing customers. Zeithaml et al (2006) says, marketing communication is more complex today than it used to be. In the past customers received marketing information about goods and services from a limited number of sources, usually mass communication sources such as network television and news papers. With a limited number of sources, marketers could easily convey a uniform brand image and coordinate promises. However, todays consumer of both goods and services receive communications from a far richer variety of advertising vehicles- targeted magazines, websites, direct mail, movie theatre advertising, e-mail socialisation and a host of sales promotion. Consumers of services receive additional communication from services capes, customer service departments, and everyday service encounter with employees. FBN Plc is the biggest bank in Nigeria in terms of asset and clientele base but lacks a proper integrated marketing communication system. It has so much relied on the facts that it is the first bank ever in the country and the Nigerian populace believe strongly in the bank because of its strong asset base and because it has stood the test of times. Despite their strong clientele base, FBN can single handled own 90% of the customer population in the country if it adopts IMC. Chris Fill (2009) IMC has emerged partially as a reaction to this inadequacy and to the realisation by clients that their communication needs can (and should) be achieved more efficiently and effectively than previously. The FBN customers are yearning for qualitative and uniform information about their funds and interest. The Nigerian government created a monetary policy reform that was geared to stabilize the economy in short-run and to introduce a market system for effective allocation of resources. The efforts were directed at promoting financial savings, reducing distortions in investment decisions and inducing an effective intermediation between savers, investors and their financial institutions. (Ayadi and Hyman, 2006). Integrated marketing communication build a strong brand identity in the market place by tying together and reinforcing all your images and messages. IMC means that all your corporate messages, positioning and images, and identity are coordinated across all venues. It means that your PR materials say the same things as your direct mail campaign and advertising has the same look and feel as your website. (Zeithaml et al 2006). Thus this research work aims to explore the opportunities awaiting FBN Plc after adopting a well integrated marketing communications system to boost its customer satisfaction. Research Questions and Objectives: Identify the need, want and demand of the market. Identify the causes of lack of customer satisfaction Identify and evaluate the market opportunities for FBN Plc. Analyse the FBNs competitive advantage over its rivals Develop a well qualitative and quantitative integrated marketing communication system for FBN Plc. Methodology: Conceptual Framework and Design Fisher (2010) says conceptual framework is formed of patterns of concepts and their interconnections. It is usually based on cause and effect relationships which are often the basis of hypotheses that such research seeks to test. It has also been noted by Easterby- smith et al (2002) that conceptual framework helps to take a more informed decision about the research approach, decide which method(s) are appropriate for the piece of research, and also to think about constraints which may impinge on the research. FBN Plc being a bank and with diverse staff and customers spread all over the country, it is therefore advisable from the understanding of methodology (conceptual framework) to go by positivism approach which is linked to quantitative method. Yates (2004) states that other approaches (quantitative methods) within the social sciences may come from the fact that natural science methods appear to be successful in their field of use. Most research texts have categorised research into two parts; quantitative and qualitative approaches. (Knox 2004) notes that this is mostly done for ease of explanation or to reflect differences in style or marketing, (for structural reasons or for addressing alternative research disciplines) or simply differences in approach is in hindsight for the research. It is said by Yates (2004) that from research texts, the relationship between positivism and quantitative method is almost a law or truth. He then further highlights (with other authors) that quantitat ive methods can be used with other areas of examples within the social sciences. Also that one can argue clearly that positivist thinking has influenced quantitative or numeric research. This could be as a result from the justification that quantitative methods are just as appropriate within an interpretivist piece of research. Ticehurst and Veal (2000, p15) support this linkage between quantitative and positivism by stating that the quantitative approach to research is also known as management science or operations research. Therefore linking discipline with philosophy. Saunders et al (2003) sees research process as an onion. Adapted from Knox (2004, P.123) Within this onion the second layer refers to the subject of the research approach that flows from ones research philosophy. Therefore linking the philosophy of positivism with different approaches. This onion has now explained that ones research could make do with Deductive Approach: develop a theory and hypothesis or hypotheses and design a research strategy to test the hypothesis. Inductive Approach: in which data will be collected and a theory will be developed as a result of data analysis. (Saunders et al (2003). Deductive approach is a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is validly inferred from some premises and must be true if those premises are true. And Induction is a form of reasoning that usually involves the inference that an instance or repeated combination of events may be universally generalised. (Malhotra, 2003). From the above, I as a researcher in the case of FBN Plc have chosen to use from the Onion; Positivism approach which will lead me to deductive approach (quantitative method). I am expected to use this approach to identify an area of enquiry which is the customers and members of staff of FBN Plc to be able to have a good background of developed theory, which is seen as crucial for, guide me. The issues to focus an enquiry upon emerge from the established theoretical framework i.e., the customer service procedure, products and services and information given to customers about their funds. Specific variables are identified that the researchers deem should be measured, i.e., hypotheses are set. An instrument to measure specific variables is developed. Respondents give answers to set and specific questions with a consistent language and logic. The response to the set questions are analysed in terms of a prior established theoretical framework. The researcher tests theory according to whether their hypotheses are accepted or rejected. (Malhotra,2003). Knox (2004) concludes that positivist paradigm is majorly used by marketing researchers (positivism = deduction =quantitative methods); in aligning methods with philosophical stances. It also helps to form the nature of techniques that are applicable by researchers. Alternative Paradigm Names Positivist Interpretivist Quantitative Objectivist Scientific Experimentalist Traditionalist Qualitative Subjectivist Humanistic Phenomenological Revolutionist Adapted from Malhotra(2003 p.138). Easterby-Smith et al (2002 p28) argue that the key idea of positivism is that the World exists externally, and that its properties should be measured through objective methods. This infers that only knowledge, which is observable, is in fact valid. This then brings together the epistemology of positivism with quantitative methods i.e. methods which are essentially numerical evidence, following a very natural science approach to the research in hand. In reference to the Onion diagram, the third layers consists of six Research Strategies which include; Experiment, Survey, Case study, Grounded theory, Ethnography and Action result. This research is to make use of all these strategies to know the expectation of customers and what the management and staff are ready to deliver to their customers. Saunders et al (2003) further expatiated on data collection to be by the following which will be the means of my gathering of information; Case study (questionnaires, interviews, observations) and Documentary analysis. Expected data collection: Collection of primary data will be conducted majorly in Nigeria through personal interviews (observations), questionnaires for customers and staff of FBN Plc, and customers and staff of other banks. A major interview will be conducted with the Head of Department of the following units; Retail, Human Capital and Social and Welfare (customer service) at the Regional office. Secondary data will be collected through the customer and staff complaint boxes, financial news and reports and other related websites. Resources: This deals with how to find things out by research than discovering things by reading literature. Fisher et al., (2010). In gathering information for the research work, survey research will be adopted to have accurate and generalised views. In having a successful research work, one needs to make use of several resources in the survey approach which includes the following: Questionnaire: a question is a method of obtaining specific information about a defined problem so that the data, after analysis and interpretation, result in a better appreciation of the problem. In this research work, the questionnaire must have these set of information inclusive Facts and knowledge Opinions Past behaviour Future behaviour (chisnall 2005). Pilot testing questionnaire: chinall (2005) notes that, it is vitally important to make sure that questionnaire are piloted through all the stages of development. He further explains that it contains question which are specific, clearly understandable, capable of being answered by particular population sampled and free from bias. Webb (2002) confirms that piloting of questionnaire helps to evade participants biased answer. Personal interviews: helps with structured questions like rating question in self-response instruments and open-ended questions. These are orally presented, with the advantage that there is the opportunity for the interviewer to interpret questions, clear up misunderstanding, or gather data from those not fully literate from the designers language. (Black, 1999). It also helps observe and quantify the respondents attitude when interviewed. Documentary analysis: this is analysing the news originating from the financial sector of the country, news about the general views of customers and staff and complaints of staff and customers. Ethical issues: this poses as a problem in gathering information from staff and customers when there is a restriction on privacy, customers and staff that believe they should be loyal to their bank and employer and this can be done by keeping some things secret. Research bias: Saunders et al.,(2009) says to avoid research being bias, questionnaires and interviews must be designed and tested before being put to use. Time: a time frame must be set to achieve the expected result for the research. Literature Review To appreciate the importance of integrated marketing communication (IMC) it is useful to understand its origin and the major elements that have helped in its development. For many years agencies and clients believed that to deliver messages to particular audiences it was necessary to use specific tools of the communication mix. At the time it was a common belief that to achieve specific communication effects on buyers it was necessary to use particular tools. (Chris Fill,2009). Schultz et al.,(1993) says the practice of integrated marketing communication is emerging as one of the most valuable magic bullets companies can use to gain competitive advantage. Advertising, sales promotion, direct response marketing, and public relations practitioners are busy finding common ground to meet the coming challenge of selling to customers rather than market. This explains that integrated marketing is not out to increase profitability alone but also to achieve maximum customer satisfaction. IMC has now emerged as the response to this structural shortfall and the realisation by customers that their communication needs can (and should) be achieved more efficiently and effectively than the way it was in the past. IMC develops and extends the notion and value as a communications process targeting a firms external market. By directing Internal Integrated Marketing Communications (IIMC) towards their employees, firms are able to promote employee satisfaction, trust and commitment, thereby strengthening the firm-employee relationship and ultimately affecting profitability by enhancing customer satisfaction (Herington, Johnson and Scott 2006). By achieving employees satisfaction, trust and commitment, it results in employees dedication and putting in their best at their duties and this helps increase customer satisfaction. Gummenson (2002) confirms this, that previous studies have shown that employees who are familiar with and committed to an organisations market orientation and brand values play a critical role as part-time marketers. All customer oriented employees, not just those associated with marketing, help to deliver the brand promise. They can influence relations, increase customer satisfaction, customer perceived quality and ultimately revenue. Therefore, directing integrated marketing communications towards a firms internal market is itself a critical part of achieving sustainability and profitability. (Ferdous, 2006). Schultz et al., (1993) have produces a lively, no-nonsense critique of this fast moving marketing trend in integrated marketing communications. Taken alone, the early chapters documenting the shift from mass production to mass marketing are worth the price of the book. Yet the real meat of the text is revealed as the authors analyze the emerging reality of true one-on-one marketing to individuals, a reality made possible by the power of information technology to develop this ultimate consumer segmentation approach. The fundamental reasons offered for the popularity of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) among marketers is that it is good for the bottom line and a necessity in todays fractured market place. Nonetheless, despite the evolution and increased critical evaluation of IMC, it remains neither universally understood nor universally accepted as a useful construct. Furthermore, IMC is not consistently applied as a marketing principle and according to Hutton à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦has resulted in superficiality, ambiguity and blurred focusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Hutton 1997, p. 8). It is high time financial institutions realised that they all offer the same products and services and the only thing that can put a major distinctive difference to their services and product is by going extra mile to adopt IMC. Financial products are controlled by regulatory authorities in an economy. It includes administrative tinkering by governments with financial prices such as interest rates and exchange rates. McKinnon and Shaw (1973) further agrees that financial institutions are generally offering the same services and are controlled by government, and this is hindered in a repressed financial system by the low level of savings, it responds in a positive way to real rates of interest on deposits as well as the real rate of growth in output. Moreover, investment is negatively related to the effective real rate of interest on loans, but positively related to the growth rate of the economy. However, if it is proven that the basic financial practices of a bank is solely dependent of government policies, it is only a good thing for the bank(s) to look for best opportunities to improve on their services to survive and sustain their stand in the highly competitive market. This is further proven by Ferdous (2008) that the fundamental reasons offered for the popularity of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) among marketers is that it is good for the bottom line and a necessity in todays fractured market place. IMC has been able to achieve what other marketing processes have not been able to by breaking down corporate, geographic, and political borders to reach into customers homes and offices in a matter of weeks or days through the use of worldwide networks created by computer and communications technology that have been inculcated into the process of IMC. (Schultz et al., 1993). Integrated Marketing Communication Integrated marketing communication plan. PLACE Distribution strategy CHANNEL/MEDIUM CHOICE C OTHERS (PR, POS, etc.) Objectives Strategy ELECTRONIC Objectives Strategy PERSONAL CONTACT Objectives Strategy TELEPHONE Objectives Strategy DIRECT MAIL Objectives Strategy MASS MEDIA Objectives Message strategy Media strategy Adapted from McDonald and Dunbar (2004, p.19). Ferdous (2006) describes IMC to have been variously described in terms of a process, a marketing orientation, an organisational structure, a set of marketing tools, a basis for accountability and a philosophy. In fact it is all of these. However according to Robert Lauterborn who helped coin the IMC label, What IMC has come to mean to too many people is little more than two-from-column A, one-from-column B media selection process (Lauterborn 2003, p.14). Schultz (1997) agrees that the focus has been one of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Trying to integrate discipline rather than customer or prospects communications. In addition, focusing IMC efforts on the integration of a firms external marketing communications disciplines ignores the gains in competitive advantage to be had from a horizontal integration across a firms total communications effort including that of its internal market. The need for integration is the notion that some aspects of marketing communication should be integrated. The origin of IMC can be found in the prevailing structural conditions and the needs of particular industry participants, an understanding of what elements should be integrated in order to achieve IMC needs to be established. The elements to be integrated are; relationships, structures, brands, communication tools, messages, employees, technology, agencies and IMC strategy. (Chris Fill, 2009). The integrated elements are applicable to understanding IMC as a customer oriented process in creating a common understanding of its principles and core values. It is known that the primary aim of any business is profitability which can only be achieved when customers are satisfied. Profitability as defined by Ferdous (2006) is the function of customer behaviour, and then customer orientation is not only logical but essential. IMC integrates everything that impacts customer behaviour, not just the organisations conscious outgoing marketing messages. It begins with product development and includes packaging (branding), selection of distribution channels (communication tools), channel management (agencies), customer behaviour (relationship), customer relationship management and total quality management. It involves the multi-dimensional, interactive, continuously measured communication that connects brands or products and the customer. Lauterborn (2003 p. 15). Furthermore, Cravens et al. (2003) identifies four attributes that set IMC apart from traditional promotional strategies. They are comprehensive, drawing on all of the media, tools and technologies available to affect behaviour; unified execution of all the components of the organisation; and IMC programs em phasise productivity in reaching the designated targets when selecting communication channels and allocating resources to marketing media. Before considering the delivery of values of IMC, the communication channels will be given further attention, the channels are generally complex, and they involve various media for different communication with the same set of target market or customers. Ferdous (2006), these views about IMC values share three key attributes which are fundamental to its values as a marketing concept. They recognise that IMC is about the connection between the brand and the customer and that communication in all its forms facilitates this relationship. Implicit is the understanding that marketing is the whole business from the point of view of its final result, which is from the customers point of view, marketing today is not a function, but a way of doing business; marketing is everything and everything is marketing. (Harris 1993,p.13). Most importantly in this approach is the recognition that purposeful and coordinated management of customers and their relationship with the organisation is at the heart of building brand equity, which at a time of brand proliferation is critical to success. (Ferdous 2006). The Role of Communication. Communication is the greatest use of language. John Locke has seen the use of communication as the clue to an analysis of the notion of linguistic meaning. Customer communication completes the marketing cycle, linking customer with product, service and availability. At a societal level, in order to connect to mass production and consumption there simply must be mass communications. At its best, commercial communication engages in real dialogue, transmitting value and meaning, while responding to feedback and remaining close to the external customer. Communication has the role to announce, inform, promise, persuade and influence customers to buy in by communicating and delivering customer satisfaction. ( Doole et al.,2005). Communication is the best instrument for sustaining a good relationship between a business and its customers if well understood. In as much as communication is essential between a business and its customers, so also a communication feedback is also very crucial. This because; if a wrong interpretation has been gotten from the information passed by an organisation and a feed back is not received from the customer, the customer retains the wrong information , the organisation might be repeating the same information again at great expense. But when a feedback is in place, the organisation has an opportunity to correct the misinterpreted information and pass the right information across which makes the customer a happy one. Communication when used in the right context strengthens relationships. Doole et al.,(2005) recognising that employees deliver quality, internal communication encourages affiliation with organisational values as well as providing everyday working information. He further explains that communication to both external and internal customers is central to both marketing transactions and relationships. LEVEL OF COMMUNIVATION CORPORATE BUSINESS UNIT MARKETING DEPARTMENT Product Price Promotion Place Price packaging BRAND MANAGEMENT People Sales Advertising Public relations Merchandising Direct Adapted from Doole et al., (2005p.249) This explains the level of communication and how uniquely they have their level of importance to the whole communication process of an organisation. If one malfunctions, it invariably affects the whole system. This helps to increase the value and credibility of brand communication. At this stage, it should be clearly noted that commercial communication should be based on clear intent as noted by Doole et al., (2005), a communication campaign generally seeks to both push product on to and pull products off the shelf and position the offer competitively in the mind of the consumer. Its components parts need to hang together as a cohesive whole and remain consistent with core brand values. It is further noted that during the process of product life cycle, communications have very different roles to play; Introducing new products: the role to play at this initial stage is getting target market attention, also getting the market to test the product or service and the major task at this initial stage is acceptance of the product or service. Product maturity: at this stage, the product has been accepted and needs to proceed to the next stage, the task here includes sustaining the brand identity, maintaining the loyalty, defending the market share and adding value to the product or service is the major task at this level. In a situation where the products or services face rejection or losing market share, the need to improve on the product is essential (revitalise and reposition) or direct customers towards alternative, perhaps reducing communications to bare bones dominates. With the aid of product or service campaign, messages can be charged with differentiating, reminding, informing or persuading (DRIP) or sequentially securing attention, arousing interest, building desire and promoting action (AIDA) and moving a customer from unawareness through purchase to brand loyalty. The Communication Process. The communication process of IMC is between internal external customers. This research work is based on the evaluation of IMC between the employees (internal) of FBN Plc. and its customers (external). Groonroos (1985) explained internal marketing as an instrumental behavioural strategy for developing the state of mind that allows customer service effectiveness and building of relationship marketing. Ferdous (2006), in recent times, marketing professional and scholars have given considerable importance and attention to Internl Marketing (IM). According to Lings (2004) much of the literature on internal marketing, contains a variety of interpretations of the domain of internal marketing, it aim and focus. This means, treating employees as customers, understanding and attending to their wants and views which will help achieve a positive change in employees attitudes and on the long run affecting customer (external) satisfaction positively. Chernatony ( 2001 as cited in Ferdous 2006) suggested that in order to coherently transfer brand values to the companys stakeholders, employees must develop a shared understanding of what the brand stands for, through implementation of a unified communication approach. Today, the way organisations communicate with their internal markets, better known as internal communication (IC) (Tansuhaj et al., 1998; Thompson and Hecker 2000; Ahmed and Rafiq 2003; Kong 2007) is considered one of the most essential internal marketing considerations. Ahmed and Rafiq (2003) attempted to give a more acceptable and holistic explanation of internal marketing through the use of internal communication as a cultural framework and instrument for achieving strategic alignment while building customer service competence. This is reveals the importance attached to internal (employees) communication in operationalising internal marketing concepts/activities and achieving organisational competitive advantage and success. (Ferdous 2006). External customers are the major component of a business or an organisation. Customers determine the existence and longevity of a business. It is therefore important to understand how to carefully communicate information across such that it would not be misinterpreted. Organisations should understand how they receive, process and respond to the feedbacks gotten from customers. (Doole et al., 2005). If quality is meeting and influencing customer expectation (Doole et al., 2005) and even delighting clients, then managing expectations matters. It is very crucial that employees (internal customers) do not promise more than what they can deliver. Communicating with customers regularly is critical, keeping in touch with them, comprehending their expectations, apologising and explaining the limits of service possibilities can influence their expectations and may expand their zone of tolerance. Ferdous (2006) emphasises on viewing IMC as a process that focuses on both internal and external customers is the first step to developing a c

American Revolution Essay -- Essays on American Revolution

American Revolution One of the most important facets of any revolution is violence. This is often a response to the heightened repression or other intolerable demands from the government against its people. The American Revolution is no exception. Following the Seven Years War, England need to recover some of their finances which were lost due to the war. Parliament achieved this by the taxation of the American colonies; the Stamp Act of 1765 is an example of this. This act resulted in outrage from the Colonies and led to rioting, rhetoric, and the formation of the Stamp Act Congress. These actions quickly led to the repel of the Stamp Act; however, there were numerous new taxes levied to take their place. The Americans continued to object strongly to these new measures and formed organized political groups such as the Committee of Corresponding and the Sons of Liberty. These groups not only demanded less severe taxes, but Colonial representation in Parliament. When England denied them representation, the Colonists decided to fight their colonizer for political freedom. Making the American Revolution the first anti-colonial, democratic revolution in history. With the battle cry of â€Å" No taxation without representation†, Americans went to war and it is from this violent uproar that the United States of America was born. The â€Å"thirteen† colonies which would later become the Unites States of America were originally colonies of Great Britain. By the time that the American Revolution took place, the citizens of these colonies were beginning to grow weary with Britain’s rule. Rebellion and discontent were rampant.. The main reason for their revolt against England was the taxation issue. The reaction against taxation was often violent and the most powerful and articulate groups in population rose against the taxation. Then in October of 1765, colonial representatives met on their own for the first time and decided to mobilize forces against their Mother country. From this point on, events reached the point of no return for the colonies. In December of 1773, the Boston Tea Party occurred as a direct response to the much-hated Tea Act. In 1774, the First Continental Congress met and formed and began to raise issues which would later stimulant local organizations to end their fidelity for England. However, not everyone favored the revolutionary moveme... ... to using arms after a decade of fighting verbally, was because both sides finally became aware that force alone would decide on the issues which divided the empire. In April 1775, the battle of Lexington occurred, closely followed by the battle of Concord. â€Å"These two very important bloodshed served to evoke the sprit of the American patriotism†. The Second Continental Congress met on May 10, 1775 and George Washington was elected commander of the patriotic forces. He along with several other generals would led their men for the defense of America and the freedom she stood for. By early 1776, Americans were ready to denounce any allegiance to the British crown. By spring of the same year, all royal governors had been relieved of office and replaced by America’s makeshift government. The Congress itself expressed sovereign powers. In July 1776, Congress met and adopted the Articles of Confederation. Under the articles, the central government was very weak and the states held most of the power, but it was a solid beginning. After Shay’s Rebellion, the Articles were disowned and the Federal Constitution was written, 1787. It is still the basic law of the United States of America.